Effect of Exercise Amount and Intensity on Change in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Distribution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Habitual exercise is associated with marked reduction in both total and abdominal adipose tissue (AT); however, the optimal dose (amount and intensity) of exercise required to elicit the greatest reduction remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the separate effects of increasing exercise amount and intensity on AT and skeletal muscle (SM) mass in sedentary, abdominally obese adults. METHODS: Participants in this ancillary study included 105 men (40%) and women (60%) who were randomly assigned to one of four conditions for 24 weeks: control (C; n=20); low amount low intensity (LALI; 180 and 300 kcal/session for women and men, respectively, at 50% of VO2peak, n=24); high amount low intensity (HALI; 360 and 600 kcal/session for women and men respectively at 50% VO2peak, n=31); high amount high intensity (HAHI; 360 and 600 kcal/session for women and men, respectively, at 75% of VO2peak, n=30). AT and SM mass were measured by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 24 weeks. RESULTS: Reductions in total AT (%; C, -0.2; LALI, -7.9; HALI, -10.8; HAHI, -11.5), abdominal subcutaneous AT (%; C, -0.3; LALI, -6.7; HALI, -10.1; HAHI, -12.9), visceral AT (%; C, -0.2; LALI, -15.5; HALI, -18.4; HAHI, -17.1), weight (%; C, -0.8; LALI, -4.7; HALI, -6.8; HAHI, -6.4) and waist circumference (%; C, -1.2; LALI, -4.5; HALI, -6.1; HAHI, -5.6) were greater in all exercise groups compared to control (p<0.0001), independent of age and sex. Reductions in total AT and abdominal subcutaneous AT were greater in HAHI compared to LALI (p=0.003). SM mass did not change at 24 weeks in any exercise group compared to control (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Substantial reduction in visceral AT with a preservation of SM mass is observed independent of exercise amount and intensity; however, higher intensity (HAHI) may be more effective than guideline-recommended (LALI) exercise for reducing total and subcutaneous adiposity. Supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant OHN-63277)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".