Elimination of pharmaceutical contaminants fluoxetine and propranolol by an advanced plasma water treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human activities have contaminated water sources with pharmaceutical compounds by the improper disposal of unwanted medicine or through sewage waste. The search for the most effective water treatment processes has been ongoing for decades. In the current paper, by exposing water to non-thermal plasma in a floating electrode streamer corona discharge (FESCD) system, both the antidepressant compound fluoxetine and the antihypertensive compound propranolol are eliminated. After 3 h of plasma treatment, more than 99% of each contaminant was degraded. The energy yield, which is the amount of contaminants degraded using 1 kWh of energy, was in the range of 0.12–0.13 g/kWh. The degree of mineralization calculated from total organic carbon (TOC) measurements was 60% and 17% for fluoxetine and propranolol, respectively. Reaction with hydroxyl radicals was the only degradation pathway for fluoxetine and its byproducts. For propranolol, hydroxyl radicals primarily caused the degradation butoxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones suggested the possible role of ozone molecules.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".