A Research Study on Identifying the Correlation between Fourth Graders’ Attitudes and Behaviors toward the Environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to examine the degree to which scores received by fourth graders in Turkey on the environmental attitudes scale is reflected in their environmental awareness (with respect to practice, behaviors), and to identify the correlation between attitudes and behaviors. Case study design was used to collect data in the study. Observation and questionnaire techniques were used as the data collection instruments. The sample of the study consisted of 15 students selected among the fourth graders attending elementary schools in Agri province of Turkey in the 2015-2016 academic year. The Attitudes Toward the Environment Scale (ATES), developed by Yasaroglu (2012), was used to measure students’ attitudes toward the environment. The reliability of the scale was examined by Yasaroglu (2012) using Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient, which is reported to be 0.84. Observations were made to measure students’ environmental awareness by using the video recording technique. On the other hand, Spearman’s Correlation analysis was used for data analysis. The relationship between students’ scores on the attitude scale and their scores for environmental awareness, assigned on the basis of the observations made, was found weak, as indicated by the correlation between the two (Spearman’s rho (r)=0.075). An important finding was that even though students received satisfactory scores on the ATES scale, a sizable number of them failed to reflect these attitudes in their practices or behaviors, which would indicate environmental awareness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".