:Citizen Docker: Making a New Deal on the Vancouver Waterfront, 1919–1939.<i>(Canadian Social History Series.)</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Andrew Parnaby has written a local history of large events and big issues. The local history is about dockworkers and employers in Vancouver as the city grew and became Canada's major western port. The casual labor markets prior to the 1920s were characterized by frequent strikes and the union-crushing tactics of employers determined to protect their investments in new dockside technologies. Following the labor revolt of 1919, employers set about to decasualize the labor force and to stabilize class relations through a dockside version of welfare capitalism. A fragile stability disappeared in the Depression, and the waterfront strike of 1935 was the largest strike to have occurred in British Columbia since 1919. That strike ended in the destruction of another waterfront union, and the Shipping Federation set about to restore its fragile accommodation with defeated workers. Parts of this local story have been told before, but no historian has painted these events onto so large a canvas. This book is about gender, Aboriginal workers, class relations, and the changing expectations of labor in the interwar period. It takes the study of welfare capitalism beyond the manufacturing sector, where it has been studied before in Canada, to the world of the stevedores, white and aboriginal, with their work gangs, hiring halls, and customary practices. Decasualization, Parnaby argues, was part of welfare capitalism, the employers' answer to the related problems of rootless single men, foreign-born radicals, and high labor turnover. The modest promise of welfare schemes began to attract a new type of dockworker, the stable married man living in South Vancouver, owning a house and perhaps a car. By the 1930s about seventy percent of the waterfront work force consisted of married men. Inherent in the accommodation with these new workers was the promise of a new citizenship, the reward for the sacrifices of the Great War. For the steady male breadwinner with his suburban home, citizenship came to mean a pension, medical benefits, and a “square deal.” Parnaby concludes that a “cultural transformation” (p. 173) changed workers' expectations and underwrote Fordism and the welfare state as these emerged during and after World War II.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.030 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.059 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".