Characterizing the Strength of Tar Sands in Los Angeles, A Case History
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In areas where hydrocarbons are present near the ground surface (e.g., Southern California and Alberta, Canada), tar sands can significantly affect the geotechnical design of building excavations and foundations. In urban areas such as in central Los Angeles, tar sands create geotechnical challenges for large civil projects, including skyscrapers and subway systems. Although tar sands are found throughout the world, the geotechnical literature on the subject is relatively sparse, and mostly deals with their mining, waste disposal, and environmental aspects. This paper describes a case history of the design and construction of the new academy museum of motion pictures in central Los Angeles. This project is located in the Los Angeles County museum of art campus, adjacent to the famous La Brea Tar Pits. This case history describes the challenges associated with designing foundations in tar sands and a full-scale deep foundation load testing program to interpret tar sand strength, and develop skin friction and end bearing values for augercast piles. Our study found axial capacities that were greater than anticipated using conventional methods, which allowed us to reduce the number of required piles, and realize substantial savings in the foundation cost. We believe the approach described in this case history may be used by other practitioners to better characterize tar sand geotechnical properties and optimize their foundations and shoring designs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it