Rebecca P. Scales. Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921–1939.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While perhaps exaggerating for effect, when the French conservative writer Georges Duhamel denounced increasingly pervasive broadcasting as the “communism of noise” in 1932, he highlighted the intensity of the debate that had emerged over radio (Scales, 50). In the sophisticated and rewarding book Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921–1939, Rebecca Scales traces the emergence of the concept of the “radio nation” as a site for debates over national politics and identity, its contours shaped by contestation over what constituted, and how to ensure, the “right to listen” (9). Rather than focusing upon institutional history or analyses of programming, she explores “the battles that surfaced over the meanings of radio listening as a public or political act,” an approach that enriches the scholarship on the society, culture, and politics of interwar France (15). Beginning in the streets of Paris in the wake of the First World War, Scales traces the diffusion of interwar radio and its complex reception. Radio sets gradually became more common in French homes, but broadcasts were also very much public events, as attested by the popularity of “radio spectacles” that encouraged collective listening (30). Perceptions of an increasingly noisy society vexed critics such as Duhamel, and the Touring Club de France (a tourist organization) undertook a campaign of noise reduction, but organizations such as the Confédération Nationale des Radio Clubs responded with vigorous assertions of listeners’ rights (55). The use of broadcasting by opposing political formations, and by regimes such as Nazi Germany, during the 1930s only further intensified concerns about the implications of a crowded and fractious soundscape.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".