Longitudinal increase in sleep problems is related to amyloid deposition in cortical regions with high <i>HOMER1</i> gene expression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Older adults who report more sleep problems tend to have elevated levels of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker β-amyloid (Aβ), but the mechanisms responsible for this relationship are largely unknown. Molecular markers of sleep problems are now emerging from rodent research, yielding opportunities to generate hypotheses about the causes of the sleep-Aβ relationship. A major molecular marker of sleep deprivation is Homer1a, a neural protein coded by the HOMER1 gene, involved in control of sleep homeostasis and also implied in Aβ accumulation. Here, in a sample of 109 cognitively healthy middle-aged and older adults, we tested whether the relationship between cortical Aβ accumulation and self-reported sleep quality, as well as changes in sleep quality over three years, was stronger in cortical regions with high HOMER1 mRNA expression levels. Aβ correlated with poorer sleep quality cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This relationship was stronger in the younger (50-67 years) than the older (68-81 years) participants. Effects were mainly found in regions with high expression of HOMER1 , suggesting a possible molecular pathway between sleep problems and Aβ accumulation. The anatomical distribution of the sleep-Aβ relationships followed closely the Aβ accumulation pattern in 69 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. Thus, the results indicate that the relationship between sleep problems and Aβ-accumulation may involve Homer1 activity in the cortical regions that harbor Aβ in AD. Analysis of cortical gene expression patterns represent a promising avenue to unveil molecular mechanisms behind the relationship between sleep problems and AD risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".