Modeling Transverse Gusts Using Pitching, Plunging, and Surging Airfoil Motions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three model motions were developed to replicate the aerodynamic response of a transverse gust. These motions included a pure plunging and two three-degree-of-freedom motions that approximated the angle-of-attack distribution produced by the gust. Using inviscid models and viscous flow simulations, the responses of the gust and model motions were compared as a function of the nondimensional reduced frequency. The inviscid model was found to overestimate the influence of the rotational added mass in the three-degree-of-freedom motions. In contrast, the viscous flow simulations showed that the two primary sources of discrepancy between the gust and model motions lie in the nonlinear angle-of-attack distribution caused by the gust and the wake development during the model motions. Flow simulations showed that all three motions experienced greater than 90% agreement in lift for gusts with reduced frequencies less than 0.5, indicating that, under this reduced frequency, 1) the effect of the gust convection is minimal, and 2) a pure-plunging motion may suffice for modeling gusts. However, at higher reduced frequencies, the pure-plunging motion experiences greater than 10% worse agreement than the three-degree-of-freedom motions. Overall, the motions provide a good approximation with greater than 90% accuracy in lift for gusts of reduced frequencies less than .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".