Analysis of the Critical Safety Thickness for Pretreatment of Mined‐Out Areas Underlying the Final Slopes of Open‐Pit Mines and the Effects of Treatment
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Where a mined‐out area underlies a slope, it is a direct threat to slope safety and stability. This is of particular concern where a mined‐out area underlies the slope of an open‐pit mine, and it has a serious impact on the design and safety measures used for the mine. If a mined‐out area underlying the final slope of an open‐pit mine is not treated adequately and at the appropriate time, it may cause the slip failure of the final slope during the service life of the mine, posing a serious threat to the safety of personnel and equipment during the stripping phase. In light of the potential for such problems, this paper analyzes the instability mode and failure characteristics of an open‐pit slope near a mined‐out area in China using geological field survey and the polar stereographic projection method. The scale span method, in combination with engineering analogy and consideration of open‐pit mining technology, is then used to determine the critical safety thickness at which pretreatment of mined‐out areas should be carried out. A pretreatment process to infill the mined‐out area during construction of open‐pit mine steps is put forward, and its effects on slope stability and reliability are comprehensively evaluated. The results show that circular sliding is the most appropriate instability mode for a slope near a mined‐out area. The failure initiates through breakage in the roof of the mined‐out area, which induces subduction sliding of the free face of the slope at the left boundary of the mined‐out area and subsequent failure of the entire regional slope. Comprehensive analysis methods are used to determine that the critical safety thickness at which a mined‐out area under the final open‐pit slope should be pretreated is 24 m. The recommended treatment countermeasure is to transfer filling slurry into the mined‐out area through drilling holes in benches. This can satisfy the stability and reliability requirements for the slope under different working conditions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it