Performance Analysis and Modeling of a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger with Air and Carbon Dioxide as Working Fluids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) was tested using air and carbon dioxide as working fluids to determine the temperature behavior of the fluid in the PCHE.These tests are conducted and analyzed to pave way for testing the heat exchanger with supercritical carbon dioxide (S -CO 2 ), to obtain data on its performance for use in S -CO 2 Brayton cycles.The tests have been conducted at thermal steady state where a total of 18 data sets have been tested.Air inlet temperature has been varied from 70 o C to 100 o C to 140 o C where both air and CO 2 were both kept at a pressure of either 5 bars or 10 bars while varying the flow from 5 LPM to 10 LPM.Results pertaining to the heat rate and pressure drop were analyzed and discussed.A 3D COMSOL model was created to simulate the PCHE's performance and the results obtained from the simulations have been analyzed and compared to the results obtained experimentally.The results show an average percentage error of 5.65% and 5.73% when comparing the outlet temperatures of air and CO 2 respectively.Further improvements to the test loop is required to remove limitations constricting the range of operation of the loop allowing us to obtain more data in wider ranges of temperatures, pressures and flow rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".