Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurement of core temperature at the gastrointestinal level with an ingestible telemetric pill (ITP) is increasingly used in research. But, unlike core temperature measured at the rectum via a rectal probe (RP), data contamination due to water or food ingestion remains a limitation of ITP. Rapid creation of a heat sink at the stomach and upper-intestinal level (duodenum to ileum), as can be obtained, for example, following shaved-ice ingestion, could potentially differently impact ITP and RP temperature measurements. In fact, the closer proximity of ITP to the heat sink than RP could result in a more important and faster rate of energy loss for ITP than RP. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of shaved-ice ingestion following exercise-induced increase in core body temperature on the degree of agreement between ITP and RP temperature measurements. METHODS: 8 healthy young men (33 ± 8 yrs, 75 ± 6 kg, 176 ± 5 cm) underwent a passive sitting period of 20 min at 20°C, after which they completed 2 exercise periods (cycling or running) at 75% of estimated maximal heart rate in a hot-dry environment (31.1 ± 1.1°C, 32% RH) with the goal of increasing rectal temperature by 1°C over baseline level. Following each exercise period, subjects passively seated in a 20°C ambient temperature for 45 min while ingesting, over the first 30 min, either 7.5 g of water provided at rectal temperature/kg body mass (after the first exercise) or 7.5 g of shaved-ice provided at -1°C/kg body mass (after the second exercise). Rectal (YSI 401) and gastrointestinal temperatures (HQ Inc.) were measured continuously during the experiments. ITPs were ingested 10 h prior to arrival time at the laboratory. RESULTS: The rate of decrease in RP and ITP temperatures during water ingestion was respectively of 0.017 ± 0.004°C/min and 0.018 ± 0.008°C/min, compared to 0.025 ± 0.006°C/min and 0.026 ± 0.006°C/min for shaved-ice ingestion. Mean biases (RP - ITP) and 95% limits of agreement during the passive sitting period, first exercise period, water ingestion period, second exercise period and shaved-ice ingestion period were respectively of 0.10°C/± 0.35°C, 0.09°C/± 0.31°C, 0.17°C/± 0.66°C, 0.12°C/± 0.38°C and 0.16°C/± 0.64°C. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that the creation of a heat sink at the stomach and upper-intestinal level does not alter the degree of agreement between RP and ITP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".