Endophytes of industrial hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) cultivars: identification of culturable bacteria and fungi in leaves, petioles, and seeds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant endophytes are a group of microorganisms that reside asymptomatically within the healthy living tissue. The diversity and molecular and biochemical characterization of industrial hemp-associated endophytes have not been previously studied. This study explored the abundance and diversity of culturable endophytes residing in petioles, leaves, and seeds of three industrial hemp cultivars, and examined their biochemical attributes and antifungal potential. A total of 134 bacterial and 53 fungal strains were isolated from cultivars Anka, CRS-1, and Yvonne. The number of bacterial isolates was similarly distributed among the cultivars, with the majority recovered from petiole tissue. Most fungal strains originated from leaf tissue of cultivar Anka. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses grouped the endophytes into 18 bacterial and 13 fungal taxa, respectively. The most abundant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Bacillus, and the fungal genera were Aureobasidium, Alternaria, and Cochliobolus. The presence of siderophores, cellulase production, and phosphorus solubilization were the main biochemical traits. In proof-of-concept experiments, re-inoculation of tomato roots with some endophytes confirmed their migration to aerial tissues of the plant. Taken together, this study demonstrates that industrial hemp harbours a diversity of microbial endophytes, some of which could be used in growth promotion and (or) in biological control designed experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".