Tidally Modulated Internal Hydraulic Flow and Energetics in the Central Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Canadian Arctic Archipelago is a key conduit for comparatively fresh Arctic waters flowing to the Atlantic. Model estimates of the freshwater outflow, which is strongly correlated with the volume flux, contain major uncertainties because most existing models exclude tides, marginally resolve the internal Rossby radius, or both. At the same time, barotropic tidal models preclude stratified flow effects. Here we assess the relative importance of barotropic and baroclinic processes to water mass transformation, friction, and energy losses motivated by processes observed in a fine‐scale survey in the central Archipelago. A sharp separation of warmed Canada Basin water and locally formed water is observed over a long sill in a narrow channel and coincides with an internal hydraulic jump caused by the mean flow. Tidal currents, however, modulate the jump, as demonstrated by both scale analysis and a two‐dimensional simulation. The jump, together with internal tides propagating as Kelvin waves, leads to isopycnal displacements up to 50 m. The generation of these internal Kelvin waves has a leading‐order role in a regional energy budget. It is small, however, relative to bottom boundary layer dissipation, which accounts for an estimated 50% of the total tidal energy losses. Consequently, adding tides needs to be a priority for regional models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".