Cyclic Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Electrically Conductive Graphene-Derivative Inks
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Advances in electrically conductive inks and printing technology have enabled microelectrodes, chemical sensors, wireless radio frequency identification tags, and bioelectronic circuits to be fabricated on mechanically flexible polymers, paper, and bioresorbable silk. Although conductive polymer and metal-based inks have been used to build functional devices, these materials are often expensive and may involve complicated toxic chemical processes. Recent research has demonstrated that graphene (G), and its derivatives, can be used to create water-based conductive inks. In this paper, an environmentally friendly and cost-effective G-based conductive ink is proposed. The ink is created by using a nontoxic hydrophilic cellulose derivative, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), to facilitate liquid phase exfoliation and stabilization of naturally hydrophobic G sheets in DI water at high concentrations. It is demonstrated that recycling of nonexfoliated material can produce inks at comparable concentrations. Physical dimensions and defect status of exfoliated G sheets are characterized. Inkjet deposition of thin and thick films is achieved using a binary solvent system and electrical performance of resulting films is investigated. Film morphology is shown to be consistent between thin and thick films. Experiments have demonstrated that G-CMC films of <;700 Ω/sq can be inkjet printed without use of dopants or dangerous solvents.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it