Remote Sensing of Waves Propagating in the Marginal Ice Zone by SAR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Wave‐ice interactions are important in high sea state conditions, when waves propagate from the open ocean into the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and the pack ice. In situ observations of waves and wave‐ice interactions can be obtained at a small number of MIZ locations in costly and challenging experiments, whereas remote sensing using satellite RADARSAT‐2 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images can observe waves throughout the MIZ, in all weather conditions. We present a methodology to retrieve MIZ wave parameters from polarimetric SAR data. As an application, we describe the characteristics of waves propagating from open water into the MIZ, as generated by a strong low pressure system that developed to the east of Greenland. As waves penetrate the MIZ, SAR remote sensing observations suggest increased dominant wavelengths, attenuated wave energy and shifted mean wave directions. The SAR observations and estimates for retrieved wave attenuation in the MIZ are shown to be consistent with wave attenuation theory and in situ field observations. Thus, valuable estimates of MIZ waves over large spatial scales at high‐resolution are provided by the SAR measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".