Spatio-temporal patterns and reproductive costs of abnormal clutches of female American lobster, Homarus americanus, in eastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Previous studies have documented female American lobster, Homarus americanus, carrying “abnormal clutches”, i.e. with eggs covering less than half of their abdomen. From 2011 to 2014, we worked alongside harvesters to quantify spatio-temporal patterns and reproductive costs of abnormal clutches among 138 738 egg-bearing female lobsters sampled from 193 homeports spread across eastern Canada. Females with abnormal clutches were ubiquitous, being found in 90% of homeports. Their incidence was, however, relatively low, averaging 6% across sampling times and locations. The incidence decreased between spawning and 7–9 months after spawning, potentially due to cases of complete brood failure caused by sperm limitation, and it then increased toward the end of the brooding period, potentially due to repeated catch and release of ovigerous females during the fishery. In most regions, small females were more likely to carry abnormal clutches than larger females. We estimated population-level egg loss between late oogenesis and hatching of embryos at 47–51%, with approximately half being associated with normal clutches and half with abnormal clutches and complete brood failure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".