Middle Cerebral Artery Pulsatility Index as Predictor of Cognitive Impairment in Hypertensive Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is a manifestation of cerebrovascular disease regarding hypertension and other degenerative diseases which has become a global health issue due to increased life expectancy. Recently, gold standard used for diagnosing vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) requires a combination of neurophysiological approach and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neurosonological approach by measuring pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using Trans Cranial Doppler (TCD) hopefully can be used as an affordable alternative predictor of VCI in patients with hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Outpatient Clinic of Department of Neurology in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Sixty-six hypertensive subjects with no macrovascular complication were selected and screened using Montreal Cognitive Assesment-Indonesia version (MoCA-Ina) to determine their cognitive status. Subjects were categorized into two groups; subjects with scores ≥26 were classified as normal cognitive group, while subjects with scores <26 were classified as cognitive impairment group. Both groups then underwent TCD examination to determine bilateral MCA PI. Results: There was a significant difference between MCA PI in both groups; it was higher in cognitive impairment group than normal group (p<0.001). Subjects with increased left MCA PI were more likely to suffer cognitive impairment than those with increased right MCA PI. Conclusion: MCA PI can be used as a predictor for cognitive impairment in hypertensive subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".