Direct Detection of <i>penA</i> Gene Associated with Ceftriaxone-Resistant <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> FC428 Strain by Using PCR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone was first observed in Japan in 2015, and in 2017, it was documented in Denmark, Canada, and Australia.Here, we describe a PCR for direct detection of the penA gene associated with this strain that can be used to enhance surveillance activities.C eftriaxone, either monotherapy or in dual therapy with azithromycin, is the mainstay of treatment of patients diagnosed with Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in most settings (1).Therefore, the identification of any strains exhibiting resistance to ceftriaxone is of considerable public health concern.Until 2017, ceftriaxone-resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae had been rare and typically sporadic, including in 2009, H041 in Japan (2); in 2010, F89 in France (3); in 2011, F89 in Spain (4); in 2013, A8806 in Australia (5); in 2014, GU140106 in Japan (6); and in 2015, FC428 and FC460 in Japan (7).However, there is now evidence of sustained international transmission of FC428, reported during 2017 in Canada (8) and Demark (9) (1 case each) and in Australia (2 cases) (10).Rapid and timely detection is pivotal to contain further spread of antimicrobial drugresistant N. gonorrhoeae.Here, we describe a real-time PCR protocol to facilitate enhanced surveillance for the FC428 clone.The study was approved by the University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".