Maternal Vitamin D Level and Rate of Primary Cesarean Section
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been a worldwide health problem, and pregnant women are considered as a high risk group among whom the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing to be around 5-40% and to reach a rate of 10-56% in breast fed infants. Recent studies revealed the importance of vitamin D during pregnancy and correlated its level to several pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. We aimed to assess the effect of low level of maternal vitamin D on the progress of labor affecting primary cesarean section (C-section) rate, pregnancy outcomes (such as risk of uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes) and neonatal outcomes (such as low birth weight and preterm birth). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in two university hospitals in Lebanon between September 2016 and January 2017. A questionnaire was used for collecting date after taking informed consent to participate in the study. Demographic data, calcium intake, vitamin D intake including the dose, obstetric history complicating the current or previous pregnancy, mode of delivery and finally maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Blood samples were collected from all patients participating in the study for vitamin D level measurement. Patients were divided into two groups: the control group (vitamin D level > 30 ng/mL) and the deficient group (≤ 30 ng/mL). Results: A total of 381 patients were included in this study. In total, 40.9% of the deficient group delivered by C-section for failure of induction, failure to progress or failure to descend, compared to 12.8% only of the control group (P value < 0.0001). There was also a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage (4.7% and 5.6%, respectively in the study group with low level of vitamin D compared to 0.7% and 1.3% in the control group with significant P value of 0.033 and 0.040, respectively). Conclusion: Low maternal vitamin D level was associated with increased risk of primary C-section, uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2018;7(2):43-51 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo473w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".