Toward a Universally Compatible Non‐Fullerene Acceptor: Multi‐Gram Synthesis, Solvent Vapor Annealing Optimization, and BDT‐Based Polymer Screening
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To highlight the benefits of the organic dye PDI‐DPP‐PDI for use in fullerene‐free organic solar cells, herein is demonstrated how this material can meet scalability demands through a multigram scale direct heteroarylation coupling reaction, and performance demands through a post‐deposition solvent vapor annealing treatment. A solvent vapor annealing method has been utilized to screen a comprehensive selection of ethereal, aromatic, and chlorinated solvents. Upon transitioning to these eight alternative solvents, significant performance increase over the chloroform standard is noted for all solvents, with tetrahydrofuran and o‐dichlorobenzene leading to the highest performance devices post‐treatment. This trend, including an open‐circuit voltage greater than 1 V proved to be consistent with four different BDT‐based donor polymers, PTB7‐Th, PBDB‐T, J61, and TTFQx‐T1. The highest performing devices are achieved with PTB7‐Th and TTFQx‐T1, with PCEs reaching 6.2 and 5.7%, respectively, when tetrahydrofuran solvent vapor annealing is combined with interfacial modification of the ZnO electron‐transport layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".