Comparing Work-Related Values of US, Canadian, Chinese, Iranian, and Moroccan Business Students: Multi-Theory Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to investigate preferred management styles and attitudes of business students with a focus on Theory X/Y, Personal Values, Conflict Management Styles, Cultural Context and Machiavellianism. The study also provides a comparison across five countries, namely Morocco, the United States, China, Canada, and Iran. Data was collected using a survey. The sample includes 1,497 university students from the United States, Canada, China, Morocco, and Iran. The results show that participants from all five countries scored high in Theory Y, while Moroccan participants reported the highest Machiavellianism scores among the five countries. Family, Professional, and Spiritual values received the highest scores among participants and their communication style is more likely to be considered "Low Context". Participants were more likely to choose Accommodating or Competition when faced with conflict and were less likely to choose Compromise; however, Accommodating was more prevalent in Eastern cultures (Iran, China, and Morocco) and Competition in Western cultures (U.S. and Canada).This study provides insights on the management of a mixed, international corporate culture which is particularly important for the internationality of the current business climate and will also promote the future youth employment toward workplace multiculturalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".