Developing an infrared APD array camera for near-infrared wavefront sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We will be upgrading the MMT Observatory’s (MMTO) Adaptive Optics (AO) system with a novel Pyramid Wavefront Sensor (PWFS). Our camera will utilize Leonardo’s SAPHIRA, a low-read-noise electron Avalanche Photodiode (eAPD) array. By observing natural guide stars in the near-infrared, we will improve the sky coverage at the MMTO by an order of magnitude. We have developed a compact cryostat that utilizes Sunpower’s CryoTel MT cryocooler to reduce the SAPHIRA’s dark current and thermal background radiation. Our camera’s cooling performance and cryocooler induced vibrations have been quantified and the results are presented here. Upon characterizing the laboratory performance of our camera at various reverse-bias voltages, this instrument will be integrated with MMTO’s adaptive optics system. The successful implementation of this wavefront sensor will pave the way for future applications using this technology in AO systems of extremely large telescopes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".