Neonatal Thrush Is Not Associated with Mode of Delivery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Thrush is an opportunistic infection of the buccal cavity by the organism Candida albicans. It is most commonly seen in infants and becomes relatively uncommon between 6 to 9 months of age implying the infection is possibly dictated by risk factors present at or around the time of birth. The objective of this study is to determine if there is an association between the development of thrush and cesarean delivery, as we hypothesize. Methods: Neonatal records were obtained through retrospective chart review of the past 10 years from an outpatient clinic and hospital records in Sandusky Ohio. ICD 9 and 10 codes for thrush and well child visit were used to identify patients. Statistical analysis performed on the data included: multivariable logistic regression, χ2 test of association, and nonparametric χ2 test of goodness-of-fit. Results: A total of 636 patient records were reviewed, with 127 having a diagnosis of thrush and 509 without the diagnosis. A multivariable logistic regression indicated that during the first year of life, children born by cesarean section were no more likely to develop thrush compared with those born by vaginal delivery, controlling for age and sex of the neonate as well as parity and group B streptococcus status of the mother. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there is no significant correlation between the mode of delivery and the development of thrush. It is reasonable to conclude that of the many factors associated with neonatal thrush development, mode of delivery is likely not one of them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".