Contribution of Recycled Alumina Waste to Cement Strength and Microstructure Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of alumina waste as a reactive pozzolan for the local Portland cement has been thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the initial and final setting times of the hardened blended pastes were reduced significantly by increasing the amount of the added alumina. In addition, the compressive strength and the hydraulic property measures of the hardened blends showed progressive improvement reaching approximately 42% and 23% after the early ages of hydration (1 and 3 days), respectively. According to such conditions, these cement blends could be applied in many concrete applications, such as high speed construction, rapid repair, frost prevention, tunneling, shoring, gas and oil well cementing, that require concrete to have rapid setting and strength development abilities.The improvement of the physico-mechanical characteristics and the hydration kinetics of the hardened blended pastes with the recycled alumina were explained after the microstructure study included the examinations of hydration product morphology and type, the thermal gravimetric (TG), the differential scanning calometry (DSC) and the differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) thermographs analyses. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure and morphology of hydration products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".