Indium(<scp>iii</scp>) as π-acid catalyst for the electrophilic activation of carbon–carbon unsaturated systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This review focuses on the utilization of indium(iii) as π-acid for the activation of C-C unsaturated bonds in organic synthesis. In addition to its well-known σ-coordination with carbonyl derivatives, indium(iii) undergoes efficient π-coordination with unsaturated systems to trigger nucleophilic addition. Accordingly, indium(iii) halides and salts (InX3, X = Cl, Br, I, OTf, ONf, NTf2) have been reported as useful catalysts for a broad range of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions, including hydrofunctionalization (hydroarylation, hydroamination, hydroalkoxylation, and hydrothiolation), enyne cycloisomerization, and related reactions. In these reactions the counterion has a significant effect on the catalytic activity, and the development of novel In(iii) complexes and the generation of highly electrophilic cationic indium(iii) species has increased its synthetic applications as a π-acid catalyst.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".