Isolation of Cellulolytic Organisms from the Gut Contents of Termites Native to Nepal and Their Utility in Saccharification and Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lignocellulose is one of the most abundant renewable materials that could serve as a source for fermentable sugars. However, its commercial deployment is limited by the fact that lignocellulose is recalcitrant and requires heroic efforts to release sugars. Although very few, there are cellulose degrading organisms in nature that can efficiently degrade the cellulosic biomass and one among them is termite. Termites are responsible for mass turnover of the cellulosic biomass and they accomplish this task by harbouring a consortium of cellulolytic and lignolytic microorganisms. In the present study, we have isolated eight bacterial and five fungal cellulose degrading organisms from the gut of a termite native to Nepal via basal culture medium enrichment with filter paper as substrate. The isolated organisms were identified as Bacillus sp., Cellulomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., and Aspergillus sp. The Congo red screening assay for cellulase production showed the largest zone of hydrolysis (38 mm) for Aspergillus sp. The carboxymethyl cellulose assay revealed that the Bacillus sp (S3B8; 0.12 0.01 IU/ml obtained within96 hours) and Aspergillus sp. (S3F3; 0.07 0.01 IU/ml obtained within 168 hours) were most efficient cellulase producers. The saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol was successfully achieved via culturing of selected bacterial [Bacillus (S3B8)] and fungal isolates [Aspergillus (S3F3)] and then fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S2Y1). Further characterization of these organisms and optimization of fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass is ongoing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".