New Evidence of an Ancient Martian Ocean From the Global Distribution of Valley Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We examine the connection between true polar wander (TPW) and the evidence for an ancient ocean on Mars. Previous studies have investigated the plausibility of a Mars ocean by examining the topography of possible ancient sea level markers on the planet's surface. One such study argued that features interpreted as ancient shorelines display long‐wavelength topographic variations consistent with postformational TPW (Perron et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05873). In contrast, a second study argued that the elevations of possible ancient deltaic deposits associated with an ocean on early Mars are not consistent with the TPW scenario (di Achille & Hynek, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo891). Herein we revisit this issue by examining another marker of ancient shorelines—fluvial valley networks observed on the surface of Mars. Our results support the existence of an ancient Martian ocean and that long‐wavelength deformation of related surface features (ancient shorelines and valley networks) was driven by some combination of TPW and surface loading associated with the formation of the Tharsis volcanic province.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".