Encapsulation of phytosterols and phytosterol esters in liposomes made with soy phospholipids by high pressure homogenization
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this work is to design liposomal vesicles for the encapsulation of phytosterols and phytosterol esters (PEs), and to understand the encapsulation mechanism of phytosterols and PE in these vesicles. A commercial blend of free phytosterols and phytosterol esters were incorporated into liposomes by microfluidization using native mixtures of soy phospholipids. The average diameter of the liposomes increased with increasing amounts of encapsulated phytosterols, especially with increasing free sterol content. The phytosterol content, liposome size, and phytosterol encapsulation efficiency started to plateau when liposomes were prepared with more than 4% commercial PE blend at soy phospholipid content of 50 mg/ml, suggesting a saturation of phytosterol encapsulation. We propose an encapsulation mechanism of free sterols and PEs in liposomes, where free sterols were mainly encapsulated within the lumen of these liposomes as crystals, and PEs and some free sterols were incorporated within the phospholipid bilayer of the liposomal membrane. Results from this work could provide the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries a practical method to produce loaded liposomes using inexpensive phospholipid mixtures for the delivery of bioactive ingredients.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it