HDL impairs osteoclastogenesis and induces osteoclast apoptosis via upregulation of ABCG1 expression
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the major components of biological membranes and has an important function in osteoclast formation and survival. It has been reported that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) promotes cholesterol efflux from osteoclasts and induces their apoptosis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we investigated how HDL promotes osteoclast cholesterol efflux and explored its effect on osteoclast formation and survival. Our results showed that the maximum diameter and fusion index of osteoclasts were decreased, while the ratios of osteoclasts with pyknotic nuclei were increased when cells were treated with HDL (600 ng/ml), as revealed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive staining and microscopy assay. HDL enhanced cellular cholesterol efflux from osteoclasts in both concentration- and time-dependent manners. The ability of HDL3 to stimulate cholesterol efflux was stronger than preβ-HDL, HDL2, and ApoAI. Knockdown of ABCG1 expression reduced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and restored the HDL-induced reduction in osteoclast formation. Finally, HDL3 promoted sphingomyelin efflux from osteoclasts and reduced the expression of caveolin-1. Together, the findings demonstrate that HDL3 upregulates ABCG1 expression and promotes cholesterol efflux from osteoclast, impairs cholesterol homeostasis in osteoclasts, and consequently enhances osteoclast apoptosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it