Matched comparison of next- and early-generation balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve implantations in failed surgical aortic bioprostheses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation (VinV) is established for the treatment of degenerated surgical bioprostheses in patients at high operative risk. Our aim was to report on the first large assessment of VinV with next-generation balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valves. METHODS AND RESULTS: After SAPIEN XT or SAPIEN 3 VinV, 514 patients were analysed using an inverse probability of treatment weighting. Standardised clinical and haemodynamic outcomes were compared, and core laboratory evaluation of implantation depth was performed. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 0.6% and 3.5% for SAPIEN 3 and SAPIEN XT (p=0.077). Residual transprosthetic gradient ≥20 mmHg was observed in 38.3% (SAPIEN 3) and 35.7% (SAPIEN XT) of patients (p=0.627) with increased rates in small bioprostheses (≤21 mm true ID). In SAPIEN 3 VinV, low implantation depth >20% THV stent frame length was associated with a higher rate of elevated transaortic gradients (p=0.048). Similarly, an implantation depth >5 mm was linked to more pacemaker implantations (p=0.01). Overall, a trend towards higher pacemaker implantation rates was observed after SAPIEN 3 VinV (6% vs. 2.5% in SAPIEN XT, p=0.071). CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter aortic VinV with the balloon-expandable SAPIEN XT or SAPIEN 3 was similarly safe and effective. However, residual stenosis remains a concern, particularly in smaller bioprostheses and with increasing implantation depth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".