Chronic toxicity of 6 neonicotinoid insecticides to<i>Chironomus dilutus</i>and<i>Neocloeon triangulifer</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Neonicotinoid insecticides are frequently detected in surface waters near agricultural areas, leading to a potential for chronic exposure to sensitive aquatic species. The midge Chironomus dilutus and the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer have been shown to be acutely sensitive to neonicotinoids. Previous studies have established chronic effects of some neonicotinoids on C. dilutus, but reproduction has not been studied. Toxic effects have not been assessed using N. triangulifer. We present the results of chronic, static-renewal tests for 6 neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) with C. dilutus (≤56-d in length) and N. triangulifer (≤32-d in length). Emergence was generally the most sensitive endpoint for both species across all neonicotinoids. Effect concentrations, 10% (EC10s; emergence) were 0.03 to 1.1 μg L−1 for acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid. Dinotefuran and thiamethoxam were less potent, with EC10s (C. dilutus) or median effect concentrations (EC50s; N. triangulifer) of 2.2 to 11.2 μg L−1. Hazard was assessed through comparison of neonicotinoid environmental concentrations from agricultural surface waters in Ontario (Canada) with either the 5th percentile hazard concentration (for imidacloprid) or species-specific EC10s from the present study (for all remaining neonicotinoids). The resulting hazard quotients (HQs) indicated little to no hazard (HQ &lt;1) in terms of chronic toxicity for acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiacloprid, or thiamethoxam. A moderate hazard (HQ &gt;1) was found for emergence of N. triangulifer for clothianidin, and a high hazard (HQ = 74) was found for imidacloprid. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2727–2739. © 2018 SETAC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".