Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This article reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis as it pertains to patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery. For comparison, rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism observed in different surgical populations are presented. Current diagnostic methods as well as those mentioned in the literature arc explained. The different mechanisms of action of the primary prophylactic drugs are briefly reviewed. The benefits of prophylaxis with warfarin, unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins are discussed. Dosage schedules for patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery are presented. Non-drug prophylaxis is mentioned. Opportunities for prophylaxis after discharge are presented, as the duration of the period of risk after surgery has not yet been defined. The results of clinical trials with these agents are briefly reviewed. Published metaanalyses evaluating agents available in Canada and related compounds are assessed. Although prophylaxis can greatly reduce the risk of thromboembolic events in this patient population, no agent can eliminate this risk. No specific prophylactic agent has provided consistently superior efficacy in reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total hip replacement. RESUME Cet article examine l'epidemiologie et la physiopathologie de la thrombose veineuse profonde chez les patients ayant subi une arthroplastie totale de la hanche. Il compare les taux de thrombose veineuse profonde et d'embolie pulmonaire observes chez differents groupes d'operes et explique les methodes diagnostiques actuelles et celles mentionnees dans la litterature. On y passe aussi en revue les differents mecanismes d'action des medicaments prophylactiques de premiere intention et on y discute des avantages des traitements prophylactiques a la warfarine, a l'heparine non fractionnee et a l'heparine de faible poids moleculaire. Des schemas posologiques pour les patients qui ont subi une arthroplastie totale de la hanche et des traitements prophylactiques non medicamenteux, sont presentes, ainsi que les options prophylactiques apres la sortie du patient de l'hopital, car on connait encore mal la duree de la periode de risque post-operatoire. Cet article examine les resultats des essais cliniques avec les agents ci-dessus mentionnes, de facon breve, et les resultats de meta-analyses evaluant les medicaments et les agents connexes qui sont disponibles au Canada. Bien que le traitement prophylactique puisse reduire grandement le risque de thromboembolies chez cette population de patients, aucun medicament ne peut eliminer ce risque. Aucun agent prophylactique particulier n'a montre une efficacite superieure aux autres de facon soutenue dans la reduction du risque de thrombose veineuse profonde chez les patients ayant subi une arthroplastie totale de la hanche.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".