A Review of Bacterial Endocarditis and the Current Recommendations for Its Prevention
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bacterial endocarditis is a rare but serious infectious disease for which prevention, specifically antibiotic prophylaxis, is important. In June 1997, the American Heart Association published revised recommendations for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Despite the existence of these guidelines, surveys of health-care practitioners and patients have demonstrated a significant lack of knowledge of important issues regarding antibiotic prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis. The purpose of this article is to give pharmacists the information required to educate other health-care practitioners and patients about the appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis for this condition. The article reviews the incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of bacterial endocarditis and outlines the current recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis. The risk factors for bacterial endocarditis, including cardiac conditions and procedures that cause bacteremia, are reviewed. The indications for antibiotic prophylaxis, based on the relative benefits and risks, are also discussed. RESUME L'endocardite bacterienne est une infection rare, mais grave pour laquelle la prevention, particulierement l'antibiotherapie prophylactique, est importante. En juin 1997, l'American Heart Association a publie des recommandations revisees pour la prevention de l'endocardite bacterienne. Malgre l'existence de ces lignes directrices, des sondages aupres des professionnels de la sante et des patients ont demontre un manque considerable de connaissances des problemes touchant l'antibiotherapie prophylactique. Le but de cet article est de donner au pharmacien l'information necessaire pour informer les autres professionnels de la sante et les patients sur la pertinence de l'antibiotherapie prophylactique dans l'endocardite bacterienne. L'article analyse l'incidence, la pathophysiologie, et la manifestation clinique de l'endocardite bacterienne, et souligne les recommandations actuelles en termes d'antibiotherapie prophylactique. Les facteurs de risque d'endocardite bacterienne, y compris les etats de sante et les interventions qui causent une bacteriemie sont etudies. Les indications pour l'antibiotherapie prophylactique, fondees sur les avantages et les risques relatifs, sont aussi passees en revue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".