Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zhou Yi said, "Wuji (No have) born Tai Chi (have), Tai Chi born two state of affairs". Tai Chi is the smallest unit of substance. The two state of affairs are real (G particle) and imaginary (field). The real state is the particle state (g particle) formed by the accumulation of Tai Chi. The imaginary state is the field (wave) state formed by the evacuation of Tai Chi. The motion of g particles in complex space-time to form quarks and leptons, Neutrinos are magnetic monopole. The field state and the particle state are both opposite and unified, and they transform each other. The Chinese diagram of the universe best defines the qualitative description of this relationship. The complex in mathematics can quantitatively describe the contradiction-the insides of things are opposite and unified in mutual conversion. All the elementary particles (fermion and bosons) are different motions of the sample particle in complex space-time. The real part of physical quantity reflects the Feynman geometry of the particle (fermion) that is macroscopic and non-linear; the imaginary part represents the Lobachevsky geometry that is microscopic, linear and fluctuating (bosons). The real part of electromagnetic force satisfies Coulomb law, and its imaginary part meets Lorentz law. The real part of mass force satisfies Newton's law of universal gravitation, and its imaginary part meets Coriolis law. The real part of energy constitutes the macroscopical mass-energy equation of Einstein, and the imaginary part forms the Planck equation of microscopical quantum. The rest mass of electron and the charge are not in the same space, but satisfy the relationship between real and imaginary parts. The theory can explain the tests by Hao Ji, Jinsong Feng, Qi Liu, et al. It also shows that the charges with the same nature repulse each other, but attract each other with the different natures; on the contrary, the masses with the same nature attract each other. The theory can fundamentally solve the divergence in quantum field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".