Synthesis, structure, and dielectric properties of a new binary antiferroelectric solid solution: (1− <i>x</i> )Pb(Mg <sub>1/2</sub> W <sub>1/2</sub> )O <sub>3</sub> – <i>x</i> PbHfO <sub>3</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Dielectric ceramics are one of the most important electrical insulators because of their excellent electrical stability and nonconducting properties. In this work, new complex perovskite solid solutions, (1− x )Pb(Mg 1/2 W 1/2 )O 3 – x PbHfO 3 [(1− x ) PMW– x PHf] (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04), were successfully synthesized in the form of ceramics by the solid‐state reaction method and sintering process. The X‐ray diffraction results indicate that a single perovskite phase with antiferroelectric ( AFE ) orthorhombic Pmcn symmetry is formed for x < 0.04 which corresponds to the PMW ‐type solid solution ( SS ‐ PMW ). For the composition x = 0.04, however, a small amount (about 1%) of ferroelectric orthorhombic C2mm phase that arises from the PH f‐type solid solution ( SS ‐ PH f) was found to coexist with the Pmcn phase (99%). The dielectric measurements show that the AFE ‐paraelectric phase transition temperature T C of the (1− x ) PMW – x PH f ceramics increases from 38.2°C ( x = 0) to 40.1°C ( x = 0.03) with the increasing PH f content, indicating a slightly enhanced AFE ordering degree. The studied materials show a relatively low dielectric constant (~10 2 ), a low dielectric loss (~10 −2 ), a high breakdown field strength (~140 kV/cm), and a linear electric field dependence of polarization at room temperature, which make them a new candidate for potential applications as ceramic insulators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".