Simulation of slurry/clean fluid boundary dispersion during placement of particulate suspension into a fracture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this work is to understand the major peculiarities of the process of clean fracturing fluid being displaced by a flow of particulate suspension (slurry) in a fracture channel. A number of 2D and 3D numerical simulations (based on an Euler‐Euler type model) of slurry flows in channels of complex geometry are carried out. The performance of the model is validated against experimental data by Gillies et al. Euler‐Euler simulations of a laminar slurry flow in a horizontal pipeline showed good agreement between computed and measured particle concentration distributions across a pipe. Numerical studies of slurry flows in 2D and 3D channels show the formation of an M‐shape profile of the solid phase across a channel at the initial fracture section. Our computations demonstrate the rapid growth of a dispersion zone separating a slurry and a clean fluid. It is shown that the dispersion zone is shorter in a tortuous channel than in a straight one. The computations illustrate a reduction in the dispersion zone length with an increase in the fracturing fluid viscosity. The results obtained show the importance of taking into account the previously ignored process of slurry/clean fluid boundary dispersion in prospective hydraulic fracturing simulators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".