Measurement of the Ionospheric Reflection Height of an HF Wave in Vertical Incidence With a Resolution of Minutes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this letter, we present a prototype of an RF signal receiver operating in the HF band, whose design considers the use of software-defined radio signal processing technology, based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) reconfigurable hardware and the use of gnuradio open software. The purpose of this letter is to improve the measurement rate at a fixed frequency of the reflection height, which is now obtained with a rate of 15 min using the IPS-42 ionosonde. The proposed method uses a pulse generated by the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde as the transmitted signal. For the receiving section, the FPGA-based “Universal Software Radio Peripheral 1” was directly connected to a PC, where the return signals were analyzed by gnuradio. The measurements are taken with 1-min cadence, approximately, and are validated by comparing them with 15-min measurements taken with a colocated IPS-42 ionosonde. The acquisition rate of order 1 every minute is of interest in the study of a number of physical processes, i.e., traveling ionospheric disturbance, disturbances generated by seismic events, meteorological processes, and so on.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".