Submicron Distribution and Association of Copper and Organic Carbon in A Contaminated Soil Using Scanning Transmission X-ray Microspectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Copper (Cu), as one of the typical heavy metals, is frequently concentrated in soils as a result of mining and smeltering activities Since the mobility and bioavailability of Cu in soils depends greatly on its chemical speciation, molecular-level understanding the distribution and association of Cu with soil components is important for the prediction of Cu fate. Cu was predominantly associated with soil organic carbon (SOC) in contaminated agricultural soils Since the heterogeneity of functional C domains of SOC occurred at the sub-micron spatial scale in soils However, the submicron distribution and association of Cu with various functional C domains of the SOC in contaminated soils has been little reported. Scanning transmission X-ray microspectroscopy (STXM) could probe the distribution of various C-domains of SOC and Cu at submicron spatial scale [8, Therefore, the objectives of this study is to characterize the speciation, distribution and association of Cu and functional C-domains of SOC in a contaminated agricultural soil clay fraction using multiple synchrotron-based EXAFS and STXM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".