Gastric carcinoma after surgical treatment of peptic ulcer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surgery for peptic ulcer is associated with an increased risk of later development of gastric carcinoma. This risk applies to cancer occurring in the distal stomach, not at the cardia. Mucosal alterations occurring in the nonneoplastic mucosa, adjacent to postgastrectomy carcinomas, are currently poorly defined. METHODS: Between 1975 and 1995, the authors collected records of 76 patients with gastric carcinoma developing after previous ulcer surgery. Thirty-three gastrectomy specimens were available for study and were compared with a control series of gastric carcinomas occurring in the intact stomach. Morphologic features studied were macroscopic findings, tumor type, extent of inflammation, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, reactive gastropathy, and presence of Helicobacter pylori. When possible, a semiquantitative grading system (Sydney system) was used. RESULTS: The 33 patients with resected carcinoma after ulcer surgery were representative of the total 76 patients. There were no differences between the seven postulcer surgery cardia carcinomas and the control cardia carcinomas. The 18 distal carcinomas occurring after prior gastrectomy had significantly less intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori in the nonneoplastic mucosa than did the controls. Eight distal carcinomas occurring after a vagotomy and pyloroplasty had adjacent mucosa with findings intermediate between the gastrectomy carcinomas and the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The differences shown suggest that for distally located postgastrectomy carcinomas Helicobacter pylori infection with extensive intestinal metaplasia may be relatively less important in pathogenesis and that intestinal reflux with reactive gastropathy more important. There was no evidence to support a different mechanism of pathogenesis for postsurgical carcinomas occurring at the cardia from that of control cardia carcinomas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".