Intracellular mechanisms of fungal space searching in microenvironments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The underlying intracellular mechanisms involved in the fungal growth received considerable attention, but the experimental and theoretical work did not take into account the modulation of these processes by constraining microenvironments similar to many natural fungal habitats. To fill this gap in the scientific knowledge, we used time-lapse live-cell imaging of Neurospora crassa growth in custom-built confining microfluidics environments. We show that the position and dynamics of the Spitzenkörper-microtubules system in constraining environments differs markedly from that associated with unconstrained growth. First, when hyphae encounter an obstacle at shallow angles, the Spitzenkörper moves from its central position in the apical dome off-axis towards a contact with the obstacle, thus functioning as a compass preserving the ‘directional memory’ of the initial growth. The trajectory of Spitzenkörper is also followed by microtubules, resulting in a ‘cutting corners’ pattern of the cytoskeleton in constrained geometries. Second, when an obstacle blocks a hypha at nearnormal incidence, the Spitzenkörper-microtubule system temporarily disintegrates, followed by the formation of two equivalent systems in the proto-hyphae – the basis of obstacle-induced branching. Third, a hypha, passing a lateral opening along a wall, continues to grow largely unperturbed while a lateral proto-hypha gradually branches into the opening, which starts forming its own Spitzenkörper-microtubule system. These observations suggest that the Spitzenkörper-microtubules system conserves the directional memory of the hyphae when they navigate around obstacles, but in the absence of the Spitzenkörper-microtubule system during constrainment-induced apical splitting and lateral branching, the probable driving force of obstacle-induced branching is the isotropic turgor pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".