Basin‐scale distribution and haplotype partitioning in different genetic lineages of the Neotropical migratory fish <scp><i>Salminus brasiliensis</i></scp>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Four valid species are currently recognized in the Neotropical migratory genus Salminus: Salminus brasiliensis, Salminus franciscanus, Salminus hilarii and Salminus affinis. However, molecular evidence strongly suggested that two different species might be contained under the taxonomic denomination Salminus brasiliensis. Therefore, the geographical distribution of each entity was evaluated in order to understand their contribution to the different stocks of major river networks in South America. Major river networks of the La Plata River basin were explored to characterize the geographical distribution of the two genetic lineages. To characterize further the genetic partitioning within each lineage of S. brasiliensis, a haplotype analysis was conducted. The 5′ region of the mitochondrial COI gene was used as the molecular marker. In total, 45 fish samples of S. brasiliensis from 19 sites in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay were sequenced. Additional COI sequences of S. brasiliensis, S. franciscanus and S. hilarii were gathered from public databases. All samples of S. brasiliensis comprised two different mitochondrial lineages. Accordingly, phylogenetic tree topologies segregated the complete set of sequences into two disparate clusters. One of these clusters was far closer phylogenetically to S. hilarii than to other S. brasiliensis. While one of the genetic lineages of S. brasiliensis seemed mostly restricted to the upper Paraná River, the other showed a widespread distribution along major river networks of the basin. Fifteen unique haplotypes were identified and collapsed. Salminus hilarii and S. franciscanus have private haplotypes. In S. brasiliensis, each mitochondrial lineage also hosts a set of unshared haplotypes. The sympatry of two different putative species within S. brasiliensis together with their unshared haplotypes present a difficult situation for management and conservation that calls for timely solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".