An Updated Ephemeris for the Single-lined Orbit of the Supergiant μ Sagittarii
Bibliographic record
Abstract
μ Sagittarii (HD 166937, HR 6812) is a blue supergiant (B8Ia) in an eclipsing binary system. The stellar masses of evolved supergiants are ill-defined due, in part, to their rarity and long orbital periods when in binary systems. Most supergiants begin their lives as massive stars, which can typically be found in binary systems (Sana et al. 2012, 2014). Understanding the orbit and derived masses of these systems increases our understanding of their evolution, particularly with respect to both mass loss and transfer. In this research note, we present an updated orbit derived from 61 radial velocities collected between 1899 and 2017, including previous results from Campbell (1901), Frost & Adams (1904), Ichinohe (1907), Frost et al. (1926), and Buscombe (1963). \n \nWe collected spectra with the University of Toledo's Ritter Observatory equipped with an échelle spectrograph, Clarkson University's Reynolds Observatory, and with personal telescopes equipped with amateur spectrographs such as the LHIRES III during 2016 and 2017. Data were reduced with standard techniques to subtract biases, darks, and remove pixel-to-pixel variations. The spectra were normalized individually and then stacked with respect to their instrument. This allowed them to be more easily compared to one another. Si IIλλ6347, 6371, Hα, and C IIλλ6578, 6582 lines were recorded for the measurement of radial velocities and stellar wind activity. Both Hα and C ii were contaminated with telluric lines, so we measured the Si ii doublet in this research note, resulting in 35 new measurements of the radial velocity. We present our new radial velocity measurements in conjunction with the values from the aforementioned papers in Figure 1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".