Presentation and Disease Course of Childhood‐Onset Versus Adult‐Onset Takayasu Arteritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical features, efficacy and safety of treatment regimens, and outcomes of childhood- and adult-onset Takayasu arteritis (TAK). METHODS: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study comparing patients with childhood-onset TAK (from 1986 onward) to patients with adult-onset TAK (from 1988 onward) who were followed up until 2014 or 2015 at 4 centers in Ontario, Canada. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and angiographic features, treatment regimens, and outcomes were recorded throughout the course of the disease. Disease activity and damage scores were completed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-nine children and 48 adults (median age at diagnosis 12.1 years and 31.2 years, respectively) were included. A lower predominance of females was observed among the childhood-onset TAK cohort (76% versus 100% of patients with adult-onset TAK; P < 0.01), and children had a shorter delay to diagnosis (median 6.0 months versus 12.2 months for adults; P = 0.03). The distribution of vascular involvement was also different, with children having significantly more aortic and renal artery involvement and a higher frequency of arterial hypertension. Relapses in the first year after diagnosis were common both in children (39%) and in adults (28%). Two children, but no adults, died. CONCLUSION: Childhood-onset TAK has a lower female predominance and a higher frequency of aortic and renal involvement compared to adult-onset TAK. Relapses and disease burden were high in both groups, corroborating the need for careful monitoring of disease activity and aggressive therapeutic management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".