Casz1 controls higher-order nuclear organization in rod photoreceptors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genome organization plays a fundamental role in the gene-expression programs of numerous cell types, but determinants of higher-order genome organization are poorly understood. In the developing mouse retina, rod photoreceptors represent a good model to study this question. They undergo a process called "chromatin inversion" during differentiation, in which, as opposed to classic nuclear organization, heterochromatin becomes localized to the center of the nucleus and euchromatin is restricted to the periphery. While previous studies showed that the lamin B receptor participates in this process, the molecular mechanisms regulating lamina function during differentiation remain elusive. Here, using conditional genetics, we show that the zinc finger transcription factor Casz1 is required to establish and maintain the inverted chromatin organization of rod photoreceptors and to safeguard their gene-expression profile and long-term survival. At the mechanistic level, we show that Casz1 interacts with the polycomb repressor complex in a splice variant-specific manner and that both are required to suppress the expression of the nuclear envelope intermediate filament lamin A/C in rods. Lamin A is in turn sufficient to regulate heterochromatin organization and nuclear position. Furthermore, we show that Casz1 is sufficient to expand and centralize the heterochromatin of fibroblasts, suggesting a general role for Casz1 in nuclear organization. Together, these data support a model in which Casz1 cooperates with polycomb to control rod genome organization, in part by silencing lamin A/C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".