Novel Iron-Chelator DIBI Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Growth, Suppresses Experimental MRSA Infection in Mice and Enhances the Activities of Diverse Antibiotics in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
DIBI, a purpose-designed hydroxypyridinone-containing iron-chelating antimicrobial polymer was studied for its anti-Staphylococcal activities in vitro in comparison to deferiprone, the chemically-related, small molecule hydroxypyridinone chelator. The sensitivities of 18 clinical isolates of S. aureus from human, canine and bovine infections were determined. DIBI was strongly inhibitory to all isolates, displaying approx. 100-fold more inhibitory activity than deferiprone when compared on their molar iron-binding capacities. Sensitivity to DIBI was similar for both antibiotic- resistant and -sensitive isolates, including hospital- and community-acquired (USA 300) MRSA. DIBI inhibition was primarily bacteriostatic in nature and was reversible by addition of Fe. DIBI also exhibited in vivo anti-infective activity in two distinct MRSA ATCC 43300 infection models in mice. In a superficial skin wound infection model, topical application of DIBI provided a >3 log reduction in bacterial wound burden along with reduced wound inflammation. Intranasal DIBI reduced Staphylococcal burden by >2 log in a MRSA nares carriage model. DIBI was also examined for its influence on antibiotic activities with a reference isolate ATCC 6538, typically utilized to assess new antimicrobials. Sub-bacteriostatic concentrations of DIBI resulted in Fe-restricted growth and this physiological condition displayed increased sensitivity to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. DIBI did not impair antibiotic activity but rather it enhanced overall killing. Importantly, recovery growth of survivors that typically followed an initial sub-MIC antibiotic killing phase was substantially suppressed by DIBI for each of the antibiotics examined. DIBI has promise for restricting Staphylococcal infection on its own, regardless of the isolate’s animal source or antibiotic resistance profile. DIBI also has potential for use in combination with various classes of currently available antibiotics to improve their responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".