Proposal of highly accurate tests of Breit and QED effects in the ground state <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> of the F-like isoelectronic sequence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose that the ground term transition, $2{p}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3/2}\ensuremath{-}^{2}P_{1/2}$, for ions in the F-like isoelectronic sequence could be used to accurately test current methods to compute Breit and quantum-electrodynamic (QED) effects. These systems are of interest since correlation is small due to what we will label Layzer quenching. Using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartee-Fock method, we investigate how correlation, Breit and QED corrections vary along the sequence and show that QED dominates over correlation already for $Z\ensuremath{\approx}20$. We also investigate the behavior of different QED effects as a function of the nuclear charge and find that the self-energy dominates for the mid-$Z$ range (40--80), but then decreases to change sign for $Z\ensuremath{\approx}90$. For a few elements between $Z=85$ and 90 the vacuum polarization is the leading term, while for higher $Z$ the two QED contributions cancel. This opens up the possibility for these ions to carefully test the frequency-dependent transverse photon correction. The uncertainties of the treatment of the well-understood frequency-independent Breit correction and correlation are expected to be at least three orders of magnitude smaller than the QED and frequency-dependent transverse photon corrections for high $Z$. In this work we also compare and evaluate the results from three different methods to compute self-energies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".