Tocols and oil content in whole grain, brewer's spent grain, and pearling fractions of malting, feed, and food barley genotypes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives Vitamin E is an important dietary component found mainly in plants and is a group of compounds including tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocols. In this study, tocols and oil content was evaluated in whole grain, brewer's spent grain, and pearling fractions from various barley genotypes grown at two sites in 2014, and at three sites in 2015 in Manitoba, Canada. Findings Mean tocols and oil content was much higher in brewer's spent grain than in whole grain of malting genotypes. Pearling fractions had higher tocols and oil content than whole grain of six distinct feed/food genotypes, with the highest tocols and oil content observed in the 5%–10% pearling fraction. Conclusions Brewer's spent grain and the 5%–10% pearling fraction could be used as novel functional food ingredients or be valuable sources for extraction of health‐promoting tocols and/or oil. Significance and novelty Using barley processing by‐products like brewer's spent grain and pearling fractions in value‐added products with beneficial health properties may offer unique economic and waste management opportunities. A relatively large number of malting and feed/food barley genotypes were screened for all eight tocol vitamers and oil content. This study serves as a valuable resource for barley research scientists and the barley industry as a whole.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".