The Relationship Between Eyebrow and Eyelid Position in Patients With Ptosis, Dermatochalasis and Controls
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore mechanical and co-innervational factors involved in both voluntary and involuntary brow elevation among people affected by ptosis and dermatochalasis. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study of normal controls and eyelids with ptosis or dermatochalasis, marginal reflex distance (MRD1) and brow height were measured under the following conditions: neutral position, involuntary mechanical brow elevation, voluntary brow elevation, and maximal eyelid opening. The primary outcome measure was change in MRD1. Secondary outcome measures included brow height and coupling (mm brow height change per mm MRD1 change). Analysis of variance and t tests were performed for intra- and intercondition comparisons, respectively. RESULTS: Mechanical (involuntary) brow elevation significantly raised MRD1 in control eyelids and eyelids with dermatochalasis, but not in eyelids with ptosis. Voluntary brow elevation produced significantly greater brow height than maximal eyelid opening in controls and eyelids with dermatochalasis, but not in eyelids with ptosis. Maximal eyelid opening increased MRD1 greater than voluntary brow elevation significantly in control eyelids, but not in eyelids with dermatochalasis or ptosis. Coupling of the brow and eyelid margin during maximal eyelid opening was significantly greater in eyelids with ptosis relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS: In eyelids with ptosis, mechanical brow elevation does not change eyelid position; however, voluntary brow elevation raises eyelid position to a similar position as maximal eyelid opening. These results argue against the contention that the brow is elevated to mechanically lift the eyelid in ptosis and instead suggest that the brow elevation is driven by efforts to raise the eyelid, possibly via co-innervation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it