Solvent-Antisolvent Ambient Processed Large Grain Size Perovskite Thin Films for High-Performance Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In recent years, hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites have been widely studied for the low-cost fabrication of a wide range of optoelectronic devices, including impressive perovskite-based solar cells. Amongst the key factors influencing the performance of these devices, recent efforts have focused on tailoring the granularity and microstructure of the perovskite films. Albeit, a cost-effective technique allowing to carefully control their microstructure in ambient environmental conditions has not been realized. We report on a solvent-antisolvent ambient processed CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x Cl x based thin films using a simple and robust solvent engineering technique to achieve large grains (>5 µm) having excellent crystalline quality and surface coverage with very low pinhole density. Using optimized treatment (75% chlorobenzene and 25% ethanol), we achieve highly-compact perovskite films with 99.97% surface coverage to produce solar cells with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up-to 14.0%. In these planar solar cells, we find that the density and size of the pinholes are the dominant factors that affect their overall performances. This work provides a promising solvent treatment technique in ambient conditions and paves the way for further optimization of large area thin films and high performance perovskite solar cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".