Investigation of load modulated inverse Class-F power amplifier with extended conduction angle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel design space of load modulated (LM) inverse Class-F power amplifiers (PAs) with extended conduction angle is proposed. The effects of the driven level factor β and the biasing operation factor ρ on the third-harmonic generation are discussed. The harmonic generation mechanism shows that the knee voltage effects are the source of third-harmonics for LM inverse Class-F PAs. The definition of the inverse Class-F mode is consistently valid under the circumstance of load modulation in a limited output power back-off (OPBO) range. Meanwhile, the conduction angle θ0 can be extended from π/2 to a limited value (<110°) to keep the standard waveforms of inverse Class-F mode and maintain high efficiency. After introducing the “continuous concept” and the second harmonic manipulation method, the mathematical design space of inverse Class-F PAs with extended conduction angle is derived. Calculation shows that the purely conductive load modulation can enable high back-off efficiency operation for LM inverse Class-F PAs. As proof of concept, a demonstrator amplifier is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the power added efficiency (PAE) with optimum Vctrl is improved by 5% over an OPBO range of 6 dB compared with the same PA with fixed Vctrl.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".